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In a brisk revisionist history, William Rowe challenges the standard narrative of Qing China as a decadent, inward-looking state that failed to keep pace with the modern West.
The Great Qing was the second major Chinese empire ruled by foreigners. Three strong Manchu emperors worked diligently to secure an alliance with the conquered Ming gentry, though many of their social edicts―especially the requirement that ethnic Han men wear queues―were fiercely resisted. As advocates of a “universal” empire, Qing rulers also achieved an enormous expansion of the Chinese realm over the course of three centuries, including the conquest and incorporation of Turkic and Tibetan peoples in the west, vast migration into the southwest, and the colonization of Taiwan.
Despite this geographic range and the accompanying social and economic complexity, the Qing ideal of “small government” worked well when outside threats were minimal. But the nineteenth-century Opium Wars forced China to become a player in a predatory international contest involving Western powers, while the devastating uprisings of the Taiping and Boxer rebellions signaled an urgent need for internal reform. Comprehensive state-mandated changes during the early twentieth century were not enough to hold back the nationalist tide of 1911, but they provided a new foundation for the Republican and Communist states that would follow.
This original, thought-provoking history of China’s last empire is a must-read for understanding the challenges facing China today.
- Sales Rank: #74476 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Belknap Press
- Published on: 2012-09-10
- Released on: 2012-08-06
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 1.00" h x 6.10" w x 9.20" l, .95 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 368 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
In a fine, well-written study, Rowe brings the latest scholarship in Qing history to a wide audience. This book reflects a lifetime of reading in the field, and is written in the fluent manner of an accomplished and very successful author. Responsible and judicious, it makes an important contribution to our understanding of Chinese history. (R. Kent Guy, University of Washington)
Here is a new narrative for Chinese history. It is based on the path-breaking scholarship of a small body of principally American scholars who have shown that after the non-Han Manchus conquered the Ming in 1644, traditional China was gradually replaced by something very different. This meant that the previous explanations, emanating from the Harvard school, led by the persuasive John King Fairbank, which emphasized a succession of essentially unchanging dynasties, must be abandoned...In short, as Professor Rowe sets out in this important book, "the inward-looking and hermetic Celestial Empire" has vanished and something far more interesting has come convincingly before us. (Jonathan Mirsky Times Literary Supplement 2009-12-04)
A very fine book, drawing on the best new scholarship on this pivotal period in Chinese history. (K. E. Stapleton Choice 2010-03-01)
This series on China, brilliantly overseen by Timothy Brook, is a credit to Harvard University Press. Above all, it encourages us to think of China in different ways. (Jonathan Mirsky Literary Review 2010-11-01)
About the Author
William T. Rowe is John and Diane Cooke Professor of Chinese History at Johns Hopkins University.
Timothy Brook is Professor of History and Republic of China Chair at the University of British Columbia.
Most helpful customer reviews
28 of 28 people found the following review helpful.
The finest kind of survey
By G. Glick
Once in a long time, comes a history that departs from the unpalatable choice of over-specialized/detailed research topic versus unoriginal/padded general overview. William Rowe's survey volume on the Qing Dynasty is happily one such volume. Rowe has not only thoroughly digested the ever-accumulating [and now fairly massive] specialized research on the period, but also fashioned a new conception of the dynasty that deserves the attention both general readers and specialists. As a past history major, I am usually quite cynical about those who talk of history as a "building block process" in which the specialists lay the bricks and the generalists make the buildings. But in this case, Rowe has built a fine structure that also does honor to those whose contributions he utilizes. This is now the finest general volume on the Qing and is not to be missed.
14 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
Fine Survey
By R. Albin
A well written and thoughtful overview of the last Chinese empire, the Qing. This is not a conventional narrative survey. Rowe's approach is to concentrate on major structural themes - the formation and organization of the Qing state, social structure, economy, interactions with the Western world, and then to trace changes in these features across the history of the Qing Empire. While not a conventional chronologic narrative, Rowe skillfully folds in the important political history, focusing on major transitions - the formation of the Empire, the 18th century zenith, the traumas of the 19th century, and the collapse of the Imperial state. Given the length of the period covered, the large secondary literature, and the complexity of the topics covered, this is an impressive performance.
Rowe emphasizes a number of particularly interesting points that have emerged over the past generation of Qing studies. One is the creative nature of Qing state formation. Far from blindly adopting Chinese governmental structures, Rowe shows the Qing as creatively combining Chinese-Confucian traditions with with other traditions to form a polyglot imperial state with the Imperial court at the center. The Qing expanded China to its present borders. While not discussed extensively, Rowe sets Qing state development in the context of "early modern" empires, Muscovy - Ottoman Turkey, the British empire - that emerge in approximately this period. Rowe also emphasizes the relatively modest nature of the Qing state. From the early 18th century on, the Qing limited taxation and the size of the imperial bureaucracy. Made possible by relatively limited international pressure, encouraged by neo-Confucian tradition and the Qing tradition of coopting local and regional movements into governments, the Qing minimal state was accompanied by vigorous population and commercial growth in the 18th century. Rowe also mentions how globalization of this period, for example, the increasing monetarization of the Qing economy made possible by silver imports from Japan and the western hemisphere, were important features of Qing history. Following the work of Kenneth Pomeranz and other economic historians, Rowe stresses the "Smithian" nature of Qing society - something much closer to the laissez faire ideal than any contemporary European state. The minimal Qing state, however, proved to be ill-suited to the challenges of the 19th century. Population growth and environmental degradation, the cost of suppressing internal rebellion, and the increasing challenges of western imperialist powers stressed the Qing state to an apparent breaking point. Even when the Qing appeared to weather the mid-19th century storm, the successful responses were driven more by emerging regional institutions and power rather than vigorous central reforms, a further erosion of the central state.
Rowe has a nice set of discussions of the response to western imperialism, stressing the erosion of Chinese sovereignty, the complex interactions between the western powers and the emerging Japanese state, and the heterogeneity of Chiinese responses. Rowe particularly stresses the emerging nationalism and ethnocentrism, developing into frank racism in some cases, of Han Chinese, a phenomenon that undermined the legitimacy of the Qing state. Its clear that the nature of the Imperial state also required vigorous leadership at the top. In the late 17th and 18th centuries, Qing society benefited from the leadership of 3 exceptionally capable emperors. Their successors were less impressive though they did inherit a relatively weak state in an unusually challenging environment. Rowe also points out the considerable degree of modernization that occured in the last years of the Qing. The collapse of the dynasty marked a real inflection point in Chinese history, the end of almost 2 millenia of Imperial history and the beginning of a distinctively different trajectory of Chinese history.
7 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
this is a truly amazing book
By philipmerrill
Note that there are more reviews on the Hardcover version's page.
I came to this book having a decently thorough knowledge of Chinese history and having read the five "History of Imperial China" books leading up to it. I was not especially interested in the Qing, and this uniquely exciting treatment of the subject enabled me to understand why, and why I had been led to misunderstand this historical period. Rowe reviews the latest research, the research trends over decades since Wakeman changed things and Spence started his Qing journal in graduate school, while also showing how Western prejudices played their part in creating a hugely oversimplified stereotype: the stagnant Qing ruled by its inadequately modern rulers.
In some ways I can measure a Chinese history book now by how many pages I can read without getting overwhelmed and needing to stop for the day in order to absorb what I have read. By that standard, this book has REALLY taken me a lot longer than I expected. The whole series has an amazing topical approach that each volume pursues with various merits, but in this, Rowe's volume, there is an intellectual excitement and a sense of the greater underlying story that I encourage anyone to allow themselves to engage with, with an open mind.
China is vast and if you don't want to feel overwhelmed I cannot recommend reading any GOOD books about China. So much of the fun investigating China is the scope, the consistent framework, coming at familiar pieces of it all in unfamiliar ways, the regional and ethnic diversity and their endless implications, and of course the amazing efforts of Chinese civil servants who help Western readers like me NOT feel sorry for ourselves. Wow they had it hard.
There is a 3D aspect to the Qing. It is richly documented. It includes interactions with the West and people who played a part in the 20th century. I can advocate this book as a panorama to anyone willing to have fun reading history. For anyone who wants to dig deeper, its footnotes and bibliography provide extensive guidance, explaining what one could gain from reading various Spence or Wakeman titles as well as dozens of other specimens of the academic literature. Page for page, it's a bargain and a good read.
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